Description

BPC-157 & TB-500 Peptide Blend

BPC-157 and TB-500 peptides have both been examined in research on tissue repair processes, although study findings indicate that the compounds may use different biochemical pathways to achieve this potential. Researchers also hypothesize that the two molecules may exhibit synergistic effects in the healing process when exposed in combination.^[1] The synergistic effect of the blend may improve the overall flexibility and adjustability of the tissues following damage.

BPC-157 Specifications

OTHER KNOWN TITLES: BPC 157

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C₆₂H₉₈N₁₆O₂₂

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 1419.5355 g/mol

SEQUENCE: L-Valine,glycyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-Lprolylglycyl-L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-alanyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-alanylglycyl-L-leucyl-;glycyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-prolylglycyllysyl-L-prolyl-L-alanyl-L- alpha-aspartylL-alpha-aspartyl-L-alanylglycyl-L-leucyl-L-valine

TB-500 Specifications

OTHER KNOWN TITLES: Thymosin Beta 4

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C₂₁₂H₃₅₀N₅₆O₇₈S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 4963.506 g/mol

SEQUENCE: Ac-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro-Asp-Met-Ala-Glu-lle-GluLys-Phe-Asp-Lys-Ser-Lys-Leu-Lys-LysThr-Glu-Thr-Gin-Glu-Lys-Asn-Pro-Leu-Pro-Ser-Lys-GluThy-lleGlu-Gin-Glu-Lys-Gin-Ala-Gly-Glu-Ser

BPC-157 & TB-500 Blend Research

BPC-157 & TB-500 BLEND – RESEARCH IN CELLULAR MIGRATION
Fibroblasts and immune cells are considered crucial for the regulation and execution of successful repairing of tissue matter. Both fibroblasts and immune cells appear to migrate to the site of tissue injury, whereby fibroblasts promote the formation of an extracellular matrix. The movement of these cells is considered dependent on the protein axin. Studies in the peptides suggest that BPC-157 and TB-500 may possibly influence wound healing through their regulation of the axin protein. BPC-157 has exhibited some potential in scientific research studies to promote the transcription of the axin gene and thereby increase the expression of the protein.^[2] It appears to act at the gene level to increase actin production, whereas TB-500 is an actin-binding protein that appears to sequester actin in areas where its requirement is maximum for cell movement.^[3] Researchers suggest that TB-500 may enhance the functionality of axin through associated action. Axin may be localized to those areas where it is most crucial to forming axin filaments, which are further required for fibroblast and immune cell migration. Thus, BPC-157 & TB-500 blend may possibly synergize to enhance the expression and function of actin and promote faster migration of cells to the areas of damage. Individually, TB-500 has long been advanced by researchers for its potential positive action following myocardial infarction.^[4] This is due to its proposed involvement in cardiac muscle repair in injured tissues. It appears to reverse cardiac damage by increasing blood vessel growth in injured tissues and activating a cardiac response that may promote healing of the cardiac tissue after an event of myocardial infarction. TB-500 has also been suggested to support cystic fibrosis due to its potential impact on sputum cohesivity, which has been observed to be decreased following TB-500 exposure. TB-500 may have a stimulatory action on myoblasts and myocytes.^[5] Increased levels of TB-500 have been associated with reduced inflammation at the injury site, which may promote skeletal muscle regeneration after an injury.

BPC-157 & TB-500 PEPTIDES AND WOUND RESEARCH
BPC-157 is also known as Body Protection Compound-157. This pentadecapeptide comprises 15 amino acids and is similar in structure to a naturally occurring peptide of the same name, mainly found in gastric juice. BPC-157 has been studied for its potential in tissue repair. Laboratory studies on murine models have reported the healing of a transacted Achilles tendon in the presence of elevated levels of BPC-157. BPC-157 has also been suggested to stimulate blood flow, modulate nitric oxide levels, and support the healing of stomach ulcers and intestinal injuries. BPC-157 may exert potential action by upregulating growth factors such as early growth response gene-1 (EGR-1). The interaction between BPC-157 and early EGR-1 appears to involve specific molecular mechanisms.^[6] In a study comparing the mechanism of action of BPC-157 with becaplermin (PDGF-BB), a peptide suggested for lower extremity ulcers, the expression of EGR-1 was investigated.
The study examined granulation tissue formation in sponge implantation in normoglycemic rats and healing of full-thickness excisional wounds in db/db genetically diabetic mice. Both PDGF-BB and BPC-157 were observed to exhibit similar selectivity for stimulating granulation tissue in both models. However, BPC-157 may have greater potential in promoting early collagen organization, as suggested by the research teams. Additionally, the researchers speculated that BPC-157 may have induced the expression of EGR-1 and its repressor, nerve growth factor 1-A binding protein-2 (nab2), in non-differentiated Caco-2 cells more rapidly than PDGF-BB. EGR-1 is a gene that is considered to respond immediately and is potentially involved in the generation of cytokines and growth factors, as well as the early formation of extracellular matrix components like collagen. The apparent stimulation of EGR-1 expression by BPC-157 may suggest a hypothetical mechanism by which it may possibly improve wound healing. There are also several proposed mechanisms regarding how TB-500 might potentially interact with wound healing processes. TB-500 introduction appears to influence cytokine production and accelerate wound healing in models of corneal wounds.^[7] After injury, TB-500 seems to enhance the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA in murine model corneas. Additionally, TB-500 presentation following alkali injury may reduce the expression of chemoattractants for polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), MIP-2, and KC in mouse corneas, possibly resulting in reduced PMN infiltration. Regarding inflammatory signaling pathways in the cornea, TB-500 might mediate NFκB inflammatory signaling pathways, which could have anti-inflammatory effects. It has also been suggested that TB-500 has anti-apoptotic properties. Overexpression of TB-500 in cells appears to cause an increased growth rate, reduced basal apoptosis, and resistance to cell death-inducing factors. TB-500 may inhibit apoptosis in corneal epithelial cells by inhibiting caspases and suppressing the release of pro-apoptotic protein bcl-2 from mitochondria. The anti-apoptotic activity of TB-500 may involve the reduction of early cell death initiation signals and activation of the survival kinase Akt through complex formation with PINCH and integrin-linked kinase. TB-500 may exert an anti-apoptotic potential through multiple molecular pathways. However, it is important to note that these mechanisms are still speculative and require further research.

BPC-157 & TB-500 PEPTIDES AND ANGIOGENIC ACTION
BPC-157 & TB-500 blend may exert angiogenic action. Several studies have attempted to shed light on the potential pro-angiogenic mechanism of BPC-157. BPC-157 appears to interact with the function of various growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). For example, one study using a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and an endothelial tube formation assay suggested that BPC-157 may have increased vessel density.^[8] Moreover, the research team suggested that the peptide may have facilitated the recovery of blood flow in the ischemic muscle of the rat hind limb, as determined by laser Doppler scanning, indicating the compound’s potential to promote angiogenesis. Hypothetically, histological analysis of the hind limb muscle may have confirmed the increased number of vessels and possibly enhanced vascular expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) with BPC-157 influence. Further investigations using vascular endothelial cells suggested that BPC-157 might have increased mRNA and protein expressions of VEGFR2, but not VEGF-A. Additionally, BPC-157 possibly promoted the internalization of VEGFR2 in vascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, BPC-157 may have activated the VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS signaling pathway time-dependently. Therefore, it is posited that BPC-157 may exhibit pro-angiogenic action by potentially promoting the expression and internalization of VEGFR2 and potentially activating the VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS signaling pathway. The researchers concluded that “BPC 157 promotes VEGFR2 internalization in association with VEGFR2-Akt-eNOS activation.” TB-500 may interact with angiogenesis through various molecular mechanisms. In the context of critical limb ischemia (CLI) in murine models, TB-500 appears to have pro-angiogenic potential, as suggested by researchers.^[9] TB-500 overexpression lentiviral vector transfected umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and murine CLI models. To understand the underlying mechanisms, inhibitors targeting the Notch pathway (DAPT) and NF-κB pathway (BMS) were also applied to HUVEC and murine CLI models. The potential of TB-500 on angiogenesis and migration was assessed using MTT assays for cell viability, tube formation assays for angiogenesis, and wound healing assays for the migratory ability of HUVEC. Additionally, various molecular techniques, including Western blotting, reverse transcription, quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry, were utilized to examine the expression levels of angiogenesis-related factors and the Notch/NF-κB pathways-related factors. The results suggested that TB-500 not only potentially enhanced the viability, angiogenesis, and migratory ability of HUVEC but possibly also promoted the expression of angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), TEK receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (tie2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), NOTCH1 intracellular domain (N1ICD), Notch receptor 3 (Notch3), NF-κB, and phosphorylated (p)-p65 in HUVEC. Moreover, TB-500 also appeared to have promoted the expression of CD31, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Ang2, tie2, VEGFA, N1ICD, and p-p65 in the muscle tissues of murine CLI models. Interestingly, the presentation of DAPT and BMS appeared to exert the opposite action to TB-500, suggesting that the Notch/NF-κB pathways may mediate TB-500’s proposed action on angiogenesis. Furthermore, TB-500 seemingly reversed the action of DAPT and BMS, which may support its role in regulating these pathways. The researchers commented, “The findings from the present study suggested that Tβ4 may promote angiogenesis […] via regulation of Notch/NF-κB pathways.”

BPC-157 & TB-500 PEPTIDES AND GROWTH HORMONES, SYNERGISM
Growth hormone may be a critical mediator in the synergism between BPC-157 and TB-500 when observed in the context of wound healing, as both molecules appear to interact with the growth hormone during the healing process. BPC-157 has been suggested by researchers to induce a higher production of growth hormone receptors on fibroblasts’ surfaces, possibly increasing the lifespan of these cells.^[10] This process, in turn, might promote the regeneration of soft tissues. On the other hand, TB-500 may improve the localization of actin and filament formation. It appears to ensure that the actin reserve is well maintained for use by fibroblasts in their extended lifespans. Thus, BPC-157 & TB-500 blend, collagen, and growth hormones may potentially form an effective synergistic approach in tissue repair research.

Disclaimer: The products mentioned are not intended for human or animal consumption. Research chemicals are intended solely for laboratory experimentation and/or in-vitro testing. Bodily introduction of any sort is strictly prohibited by law. All purchases are limited to licensed researchers and/or qualified professionals. All information shared in this article is for educational purposes only.

References